Addition of a chemical potential term to 2D Hubbard Hamiltonians

Particle conserving Hamiltonians dont need this term - just specify the sector you want by the initial state as you said. If they, for example, only conserve parity due to a pinning term (like equation 17 in your arxiv link), then you’ll need that term to control filling.

Regardless, with OpSum that term is easy to add, e.g. a 1d Hubbard model

os = OpSum()
for b in 1:(N - 1)
  os += -t, "Cdagup", b, "Cup", b + 1
  os += -t, "Cdagup", b + 1, "Cup", b
  os += -t, "Cdagdn", b, "Cdn", b + 1
  os += -t, "Cdagdn", b + 1, "Cdn", b
end
for i in 1:N
  os += U, "Nupdn", i
  os += -mu, "Ntot", i # The term you're asking about
end
H = MPO(os, sites)
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